Background of Problem
The key task of the Indonesian government is to
meet the needs of residents negarannya. The fulfillment of the requirements
made by the government to use its organizations ranging from the top level to
the grass root level. As revealed Sinambela (2008: 5) states in this case the
government (bureaucrats) must be able to meet the needs of the community. The
need in this case is not the individual needs but the various needs of the
community expected, for example, the need for health, education and others.
Heavy duty carried
bureaucracy will be implemented properly if bureaucracy run by professional and
accountable. In fact bureaucracy in Indonesia is still weak in carrying out the
task. Many of the problems faced by the state bureaucracy third part such as
Indonesia. According Dwiyanto, et al (2008: 29-30) feudalistic behavior within
the bureaucracy that preserved by the colonial government have contributed
greatly to the cause of the pathology of bureaucracy.
Some text book many states
that government bureaucracy is an organization that is fat, slow and cumbersome
procedures so costly and time (Wicaksono, 2006: 11).
The many problems that
exist in Indonesian bureaucracy makes bureaucracy performance in governance and
serve the community on the wane and no maximum. Based on data from the
Political and Economic Risk Consultancy in Dwiyanto, et al (2008: 55)
Indonesian bureaucracy quality ratings in 2001 is still under Malaysia, the
Philippines and Thailand. Bureaucracy supposed to be implementing in providing
services citizens need to be really professional and accountable.
Reform of the bureaucracy
be the right solution to address the existing problems in the bureaucracy in
Indonesia. Rearrangement and bureaucratic reform in Indonesia should be a
government priority. This is in line Presidential Decree No. 81 of 2010 on the
Grand Design Reforms 2010-2025 (Ministry of Law, 2010) and the Regulation of
the Minister of State for Administrative Reform (Permenpan) Number 15 Year 2008
concerning General Guidelines Reforms. Bureaucratic reform includes
institutional arrangements, management arrangement, the arrangement of human
resources personnel, accountability and service and quality of service
(Sedarmayanti, 2009: 71).
There are many ways to
reform the bureaucracy, one of which is the arrangement of management. Of the
many problems of bureaucracy, problem management is one of the problems that
often arise. Though ketaalaksanaan have an important role for the
implementation of the government. The state apparatus fittings countries
covering the field of institutional, management, and personnel who have
responsibility in governance (Thoha, 2009: 113-114). Management is an important
element in the government bureaucracy that must be addressed Indonesia. This is
in accordance with the frame of the 1945 amendment, the Ministry of
Administrative Reform of the Republic of Indonesia which Interpret into the
fourth dimension of aspects that need to be reorganized through policy
recommendations, one of the four dimensions of these aspects namely policy
simplification and automation to solve problems or system management procedures
(Wicaksono, 2006: 15).
Structuring of management
as part of the reform of the bureaucracy may include structuring mechanisms,
systems and procedures are simple or quick, easy and accurate through the
optimal use of information and communications technology and infrastructure
adequate job. Empirical form of management mechanisms and procedures within a
bureaucracy that is standard operating procedures (SOPs). SOP is a general rule
to an operational mechanism job functions. There are two types of SOP by
Permenpan Number 21 Year 2008 on Guidelines for Preparation of Standard
Operating Procedures (SOP) Administration, the first is technical SOP is a
standard procedure that is very detailed and technical nature. Second, the
administrative SOP which is a standard procedure that is intended for the types
of jobs that are administrative in nature. SOP is used in government
administrative bureaucracy can be called with the Standard Operating Procedures
Administration (SOP-AP).
The existence of SOP-AP is
vital for the government bureaucracy, make any bureaucracy should have SOP-AP.
East Java Provincial Health Office is one of the government agencies that are
required to have SOP-AP at the institutional level, the fields and sub-section
or section. SOP-AP based Permenpan No. 21 of 2008 to the obligations to be
performed by the East Java Provincial Health Office.
Based on preliminary
observations made by researchers, found symptoms in the process of preparation
of SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration in East Java Provincial Health
Office. Where these symptoms, such as lack of detailed understanding of
Permenpan No. 21 of 2008, the implementation of which is slow and not on
target, as well as the preparation of SOP-AP is not systematically, to the need
for in-depth study to assess the "Reforms in East Java Provincial Health
Office In the SOP-AP "
Root of The
Problem
Based on
the background then, the formulation of the problem in this research is how
Reforms in East Java Provincial Health Office In SOP-AP?
Research
Objectives
Composition
Komposisi Penelitian Adalah UNTUK menganalisis Reformasi Birokrasi di Dinas
Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur PADA Penyusunan SOP-AP.
Benefits
Research
Theoretically expected benefits of the
research will have implications for the theoretical knowledge of state
administration, especially the study of bureaucratic reform. Practical benefits
that can provide understanding, additional insight and knowledge of students
about the real condition of the practice of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia.
Moreover, it can be input for the implementation of the Public Health Service
Prov Java-AP SOP development and as data for policy making in the future.
Study
of Reformation
Bureaucracy:
Bureaucracy
In
general, the bureaucracy purposely created for large task. The meaning of the
sentence gives a logical consequence that is essentially bureaucracy is
something useful and profitable. Bureaucracy plays an important role for the
government and society. As described by Taylor Cole in his work entitled
"The Canadian bureaucracy" in Albrow (2007: 120) "The term
bureaucracy is not used here in the sense that despicable (individious), but
merely refers to a group of human beings or the workers who perform the
function which is considered important by the community.
Many
definitions of bureaucracy, one of which is the definition according to the
Dictionary Indonesian bureaucracy in Santosa (2008: 1), which explains that the
bureaucracy is a system of government that is run by government employees by
adhering to the hierarchy and hierarchy. While Azhari (2011: xviii) describes
the overall organization of government bureaucracy as the duty of the state in
various organizational units under the department or non-department in the
center and regions. The same thing also delivered Kristadi in Waluyo (2007: 53)
that essentially the bureaucracy has an organizational structure which has the
task of government around the spacious with large human resources. Can be seen
from the above definition that the bureaucracy is a form of government
organization which has the task in menyelenggrakan government by adhering to
the rules, hierarchies, and a clear division of duties.
Bureaucracy is made not without reason and purpose.
There are a lot of hope that the bureaucracy charged. Bureaucracy is made to
achieve government objectives in the public welfare. According to Ripley and
Franklin in Wicaksono (2006: 9) provision of government bureaucracy objectives
are as follows: provide a number of services as the nature of the
responsibilities of government, promoting the interests of specific economic
sectors such as agriculture, labor or certain segments of the private business,
make regulations on various mendestribusikan private activity and a number of
advantages such as income, rights, medical care and other.
To achieve these objectives bureaucratic tasks should
know and be able to function as a service provider for the community organization.
Bureaucratic tasks are efforts to be made by the bureaucracy to achieve its
objectives. Bureaucratic tasks not only provide services to the community in
the strict sense, but also plays a role managing the public development policy
(Sedarmayanti, 2009: 70-71). One part of the management policies implemented by
the bureaucracy that is making the decision. The initial step in the management
of policies is how the role of bureaucracy in making decisions. Robert Presthus
in Santosa (2008: 14) shows the role of bureaucracy in decision-making, namely
in terms of which he described as: regulators under the laws and regulations
(delegated legislation), pemprakarsa policy (bureaucrary's role in initiating
policy), internal desire bureaucracy to gain power, security, and compliance
(bureaucrary's internal drive of power, security and loyalty).
Many
things affect the success of a bureaucracy in performing their duties.
Characteristics inherent in the bureaucracy is one of the internal influence in
the implementation of bureaucratic tasks. Denis H. Wrong in Santosa (2008: 10)
reveals that every bureaucracy has the following main structural features: the
division of labor, hierarchy of authority, rules and regulations are detailed,
and impersonal relationships among workers.
One
of the characteristics of rational bureaucracy weber affecting bureaucracy in
carrying out tasks in order to effectively and efficiently adalan existence of
formal rules.
Implementation
Management
Reform
of the bureaucracy would hobble so slow to achieve its objectives if there is
no management arrangement. Management is that drives the wheels of bureaucracy
in organizing government and service to the community. Indonesian Dictionary
(KBI) in Sedarmayanti (2009: 88) gives the definition of "governance is
the way care of (run, execute) business activity (corporation). Waldo in
Suwarno and Widhi (without year) adds that management is a way to cooperate in
the implementation of organizational tasks.
Management
arrangement which is part of the reform of the bureaucracy must have a purpose.
The purpose of management arrangement is not to create governance procedures,
mechanisms and systems that work effectively and efficiently in organizing
government and public service. The purpose of management pedayagunaan according
Sedarmayanti (2009: 88) there are two, namely, realizing governance compact or
simple, effective, efficient and transparent and provide excellent service and
empower.
Structuring
of management that is focused on governance systems, procedures and working
mechanisms of government officers will tend to be difficult to implement. Work
habits are less effective and efficient are attached to the bureaucracy will
affect the structuring of management in the reform of the bureaucracy. Need the
right strategy in the implementation of management arrangement for the right
target.
Standard
Operating Procedure Administration (SOP-AP)
Standard
Operating Procedure (SOP) has been a part of the elements of the ideal
bureaucracy. According to Max Weber in Thoha (2007: 18) one of the elements of
the ideal bureaucracy that is the formal rules become controlling and
monitoring the performance of officials in the bureaucracy. Formal rules become
something important and used as the basis to perform tasks in the organization
achieve its goals. In this age of globalization almost all existing government
bureaucracy must have formal rules.
Judging
from its function, SOP functioning form work system and work flow orderly,
systematic, and accountable; describe how the purpose of the work carried out
in accordance with the policies and regulations; explain how the process of
implementation of activities take place; as a means of sort order of
implementation and administration of the daily work as specified method; ensure
consistency and systematic work processes; and establish a reciprocal
relationship between work unit.
SOP-AP
must run the stages, such as: preparation, needs assessment, development,
integration and management and monitoring and evaluation is in Permenpan Number
21 Year 2008 on Guidelines for Preparation of Standard Operating Procedures
(SOP) Administration. What is in fact Permenpan also been based on the theory
of existing SOP development. This can be seen in a book written by Tambunan
(2011) entitled "Technical Guidelines for Preparation of Standard
Operating Procedures". In the book contains technical stages of the
development of SOP ranging from the preparation phase to the maintenance phase
and audit.
Types of Research
This type of
research will be explained based on the objectives, methods, levels of
explanation, the type of data and data analysis. Based on the purpose of
applied (applied research), this study was conducted to test the ability of a
theory applied in solving practical problems.
Based on the method of naturalistic or
qualitative methods, this study was conducted with a series of activities or
processes to capture information from a reasonable circumstances (natural
setting) in the life of an object that is associated with solving a problem
both from the point of view of both theoretical and practical, so that
qualitative research is inductive because not starting from the hypothesis as a
generalization, for verifiable through the collection of data that is specific.
Based on the
level of descriptive explanation, this study was conducted to better value
independent variables, one variable or more without making comparisons or
connect with other variables. While based on the type of data and qualitative
analysis, this research is done by using the data in the form of words,
sentences, drawings and schematics. Menggnakan data analysis techniques without
statistical or qualitative analysis is usually called qualitative descriptive.
Sugiyono (2010: 14) explains that the research method most naturalistic or
qualitative data is qualitative.
Location and Focus Research
The location of this research is in the East Java
Provincial Health Office, precisely in the Sub-Division of Administration. The
focus of this research is bureaucracy reform in East Java Provincial Health
Office in the preparation of standard operating procedures based administration
Permenpan Number 21 Year 2008 on Guidelines for Preparation of Standard
Operating Procedures (SOP) Administration.
SOP-AP
based Permenpan No. 21 of 2008 is the preparation of SOP-APs that are under the
appropriate stages have been determined, such as: the preparation phase, the
SOP needs assessment stage, the stage of development, integration in the
management and monitoring and evaluation. The stages will be a reference for
the preparation of SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office
Source
of Data
The
informants were used as sources (key informants) in this study are as follows:
First, the Secretary of Health Office of East Java
Province, Mrs. Dr. Endang Damayanti. The information to be obtained, which is
information relating to the commitment of the leadership of the preparation of
SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office, support and how to inject the
spirit that made the leader of the editorial team of the SOP-AP-AP SOP
development notification made by the leadership of the the whole range of East
Java Provincial Health Office, and the level of detail or the desired accuracy
pempinan terhdap compiled SOP-AP.
Second namely, Chairman of the Drafting Team SOP-AP
Level Organizational and Work Unit Level in Sub-Division of Administration,
Mrs. cicik Swi Antika, SKM. The information to be obtained, which is
information relating to the implementation stages of the preparation of SOP-AP
in East Java Provincial Health Office precisely in the Sub-Division of
Administration.
Data
Collection Techniques
Data collection techniques used in research on the
development of SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office, which is a
technique triagulasi. Where researchers will combine three kinds of data
collection techniques are: unstructured interviews, observation frankly and
dokementasi
Data
Analysis Techniques
According
to Susan Stainback in Sugiyono (2011: 244) argues that "Data analysis is
critical to the qualitative research process" (Analysis of the data is
critical in the process of qualitative research). Furthermore Sugiyono (2011:
244) explains that the data analysis is the process of systematically searching
and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes and documentation, by
classifying into categories, choose what is important and then concluded.
Data
from interviews, observation and documentation will be easier when analyzed by
qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Qualitative descriptive analysis
is an analysis that is used to discuss and explain the results of research on
the various symptoms or cases which can be described by using words that can
not be measured by numbers but requires elaboration of a clear description.
This descriptive analysis techniques used by researchers to analyze the
development of SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office.
Discussion SOP-AP
in East Java Provincial Health Office
SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office will be
covered by the existing phases in Permenpan Number 21 Year 2008 on Guidelines
for Preparation of SOP-AP. Where up to this thesis was written only three
stages of the drafting team was run SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health
Office: the preparation phase, assessment and development needs.
Preparation
Preparation
of an initial phase to be implemented by the East Java Provincial Health Office
before carrying out the preparation of SOP-AP. During the preparation stage,
there are three steps that must be met, namely:
Image
4.9
Preparation
in SOP according Permenpan No. 21 of 2008
When viewed at the preparation stage and the steps that must be performed
on the stage of preparation, East Java Provincial Health Office has been doing
quite well. It can be known from top management commitment in this regard, the
Secretary of East Java Provincial Health Office in the preparation of SOP-AP
efforts in the organizational environment. Such support can be seen from his
commitment that responded positively to the development of SOP-AP.
The positive response was also accompanied by his firmness to always
ordered his staff to immediately implement and have SOP-AP in each work unit.
Ease of permits and disposition for the various procedures of him, facilitate
more flexible organizational level team engaged in carrying out the purposes of
the SOP-AP. Not only was the ease in obtaining approval for the preparation of
the budget SOP-AP also makes the team more quickly move. Budget funds provided
in the preparation of SOP-AP is not only once but twice, at an early stage is
the preparation of SOP-AP socialization and final stage review SOP-AP.
Bureaucratic habits happy to be in the comfort zone and routines rejected
by him. Sekdin, does not agree with the routine of employees who tend to
stagnant or running in place. This will affect ketidakterserapannya budget for
East Java Provincial Health Office. Sekdin strong commitment from the staff
members below it inevitably will follow the new changes, that every task is
done every employee should have SOP-AP. This is what ultimately gives pressure
to the structural and oprasioanal officials to carry out the preparation of
SOP-AP. What was done by Mother Sekdin is one of the strategies of bureaucratic
reform. Where the strategy relating to the renewal of mind-set (mindset) and
culture-set (culture) (Sedarmayanti, 2009: 76).
After getting the support of East Java Province Health
Department then establish an organizational level team of six people. Although
already terdapt team organizational level, but there are still some weaknesses.
General management functions internal to the organization is located in the
Sub-Division of Administration, but in the narrow sense any real field also has
the function of management, while the delegation sent by the leadership of the
field is not necessarily an employee who is in a position of management. But
those who are in the preparation of SOP-AP team must really the right person,
as described by Tambunan (2011: 127) after assigning tasks and
responsibilities, further activities to form a team that establishes the right
person in the right position (the right man in the right place).
The impact arising from inaccuracies in the determination of the team members,
which is a weakness in the grasp of abiding or team members. Where it
ultimately affects the internal organization of the collection targets
ketidakterpenuhinya SOP-AP which should be collected on December 21, 2012. The
collection of SOP-AP will be done at the beginning of the Year 2013.
Further weakness which led to non-fulfillment of the target is the absence
of the decree issued by the Secretary of the formation team and organizational
level of completeness. Completeness team includes: organizational level team
leader, team executive, job descriptions of each member, the authority of the
team, teamwork mechanisms, schedules and other relevant for the team in
performing their duties. Only the chairman and the executive team which can be
known only through oral delivery. Mother cicik as team leader and five
organizational level as the employee or member of the executive team each from
every field and the Secretariat. Non-compliance with the completeness of the
team as untuh makes the implementation of team work schedules determined
personally by the Chairman of the team. Whereas the principle of the division
of duties and delegation of authority must be present in every team work. As
described by Sedarmayanti (2009: 81) needs to determine the division of tasks,
ensuring the responsibility for organizing the task. Formulation of clear job
will prevent duplication, collision and haziness. It is added by Tambunan
(2011: 123) that the phase formation and organization of the team is to develop
a set division of tasks (job descriptions) team members are presented in a
clear and systematic language and compiled by involving members of the team
concerned.
At the team level units that perform the preparation of SOP-AP in each
sub-section and section formed by the Head of sub-section or section. The
number of members in the team is not the same and it is the policy of the Head
of the section or sub-section of each, such as the number of employees who are
on the team-AP SOP development in Sub-Division of Administration of seven
employees.
SOP-AP were conducted by a team of both organizational level and the level
of the work unit will run well when the team members have to understand about
the task to be doing. Efforts made East Java Provincial Health Office in giving
this understanding, by carrying out training on the preparation of technical
guidance SOP-AP. This training is translated by the East Java Provincial Health
Office as socialization and preparation of the technical guidance of SOP-AP,
because if the training was done in a long time and have a curriculum, while
socialization and Bimtek quite done a few days only. Socialization is carried
out by a team of organizational level to all members of either team or
organizational unit level. Socialization is good enough to bring the main
speakers of the Bureau of the Organization to explain the development of SOP-AP
based Permenpan No. 21 of 2008. The presence of the right speaker will give a
correct understanding and easily understood by the editorial team of SOP-AP both
organizational level and unit.
The team will also work well when there is support from the leadership and
the employees of an organization that will directly engage the preparation of
SOP-AP. Therefore, the employees in each work unit and the unit should know
that the East Java Provincial Health Office will undertake the preparation of
SOP-AP. One way in which the East Java Provincial Health Office to inform their
development of SOP-AP dilingkungannya ie, made with apple every morning to
inform all employees of the East Java Provincial Health Office conducted by Ms.
Damayanti as sendin East Java Provincial Health. Not only is it a more formal
efforts to inform that each unit should develop SOP-AP is to create memos are
given in each section and sub-section in the East Java Provincial Health Office.
Needs
Assessment
SOP-AP needs assessment is the process of beginning the preparation of SOP-AP were performed to identify the need for SOP-AP were prepared to be. For organizations that already have a SOP-AP, then the stage is a stage husband to see it re-SOP-AP The already dimilikinnya and identify and add SOP-AP takes. For organizations that have not been at all SOP-AP, then the husband is a pure process identifies the SOP-AP.
East Java Provincial Health Office is a government organization and SOP, but not the SOP-AP. SOP owned East Java Provincial Health Office is located at each field, except subsection administration. SOPs are also not recorded and is still a country paper sheets. Sub-functions that have SOPs in East Java Provincial Health Office is a sub-function is a crucial function, such as borrowing money, and others. Standard preparation SOPnya was also very different between the SOP with each other.
Based on the above reasons, the East Java Provincial Health Office to
assess the needs of SOP-AP. It is known that the SOP-AP needs assessment
conducted in East Java Provincial Health Office of the stage to see the
reintroduction of SOP-AP has with him and to identify and add the necessary
SOP-AP.
Ways in which the East Java Provincial Health Office in this regard that
the drafting team SOP-AP organizational level and unit using the data analysis
guidance office. SOP-AP which originated from the output makes the team chose
to use job analysis of data that contains the sub-functions that must be done
every employee. Basically it is quite helpful and can be used to determine how
many procedures should be standardized. But in reality there are several
sub-field functions performed by employees who are not included in the data
analysis office. In general, job analysis did not include in details and
details of the tasks that must be done by each employee. Guidelines for job
analysis only includes an outline of the functions and duties of each position.
Analysis of existing positions in the East Java Provincial Health Office has
not updated regularly. This is what makes the data from the job analysis can
not be used in the patent to be the basis for assessing the needs of SOP-AP
will be prepared.
Development
The
next stage of a team to draft SOP-AP, after a needs assessment that is under
development. The development phase is the third phase of the five stages to go
through the drafting team SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office. At this
stage of development of this SOP, there are five steps that must be met are as
follows:
Image 4.12
Stage of development in
preparation of SOP by Permenpan No. 21 Tahun2008
Based on observations and interviews found
SOP-AP stages of development in East Java Provincial Health Office which is
different from the development stage Permenpan Number 21 Year 2008.
The first step taken SOP-AP drafting team
during the development phase, namely the collection of information and the
identification of alternatives. Identification by the editorial team of the
SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office, on the Sub-Division of
Administration has been quite good. This can be seen in the distribution of
resources to obtain information about the workflow (work flow). SOP-AP drafting
team in the Sub-Division of Administration using primary and secondary sources.
The use of primary and secondary sources will have consequences on the use of
information-gathering techniques to be used.
Information gathering techniques used on
primary sources, namely the technique of brainstorming, focus group discussion
(FGD) and interviews. While the information collection techniques used on
secondary sources, namely the technique of document review.
SOP-AP drafting team in the Sub-Division of
Administration using techniques branstorming once. This technique is quite
appropriate for use by the editorial team of the SOP-AP in Sub-Division of
Administration for Sub-Division of Administration has no SOP-AP at all. Mother
cicik always chairman of the drafting team SOP-AP in Sub-Division of
Administration which has been getting organized provision of Technical Guidance
Bureau of East Java Provincial Government Organization, guiding the course of
brainstorming. Brainstorming was attended by seven employees, including Mrs.
cicik.
SOP-AP drafting team in the Sub-Division of
Administration also uses the technique of focus group discussion (FGD) to
obtain in-depth information about the procedures to be standardized proedur.
Drafting team SOP-AP Sub-Division of Administration has benefited from the use
of FGD ie, find prodesur-effective and efficient procedures. FGD drafting team
SOP-AP Sub-Division of Administration invites participants mempunyaai
coordinator position of each function in the Administrative like, Mrs. cicik
himself as coordinator of public relations and protocol fungus, Mr. and Mrs.
Lia Laksono coordinator functions and institutional organizations and others.
The presence of the coordinator is quite effective, because it will help the
editorial team of the SOP-AP Sub-Division of Administration in depth
information.
When the information collected by the
editorial team of SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration is still considered
less. Teams do with the information gathering interview techniques. Interview
techniques into final engineering team selected to obtain in-depth information
from an informant saumber (key informant). Resource persons are employees who
carry out direct or primary implementation of the sub-functions of the job.
Secondary sources used drafting team SOP-AP
Sub-Division of Administration to get information is to use the technique of
document review. Documents reviewed is the job analysis document. Job analysis
document contains information about the duties of a position that will be
standardized. Drafting team SOP-AP Sub-Division of Administration study first
the data of the job analysis before making the collection of information by
using primary sources. It can be said that the technique of document review be
conducted in the early techniques before information gathering techniques that
others do.
These three data collection techniques
above are streets with well by the editorial team of SOP-AP in Sub-Division of
Administration. The selection of these three techniques in accordance with the
state of the Sub-Division of Administration. Can be seen as the selection and
brainstorming techniques led by Mrs. cicik FGD as team leader who never get
Bimtek preparation of SOP-AP and attended by members of the team to which they
are the coordinator of each function in the Sub-Division of Administration.
People who are competent in the drafting team SOP-AP in Sub-Division of
Administration to make the preparation of SOP-AP in Sub-Division of
Administration accountable and set an example by sub-section and other
sections. This is consistent with the Tambunan (2011: 219) procedures for
obtaining data from interviews, analysis, benchmarking should be done
effectively and by a competent person for the results and final conclusions can
be accounted for.
First succeeded in the preparation of
SOP-AP from other units, making the Sub-Division of Administration as an
example for other teams units. Team of units other work in East Java Provincial
Health Office when preparing SOP-AP, obtain information from the Sub-Division
of Administration. Techniques of information gathering information by the
editorial team of SOP-AP in other units with the example of Sub-Division of
Administration called benchmark techniques. Melaksanaka benchmark technique is
not easy, there must be careful planning because the information that can be
gathered from this technique comes from the unit really has succeeded in
preparing SOP-AP. Therefore, the end of this strategic step was taken and run
by a team of authors SOP organizational level. Where this technique is carried
out through technical assistance and dissemination to all SOP drafting teams in
the East Java Provincial Health Office both an organizational level and unit.
Information on the procedures obtained by
the Sub-Division of Administration is not directly managed to be written into a
SOP-AP. Drafting team SOP-AP Sub-Division of Administration to implement the
analysis based on the principles of the development of SOP-AP. These principles
were: the ease and clarity, efficiency and effectiveness, alignment,
measurable, dynamic, user-oriented, and legal compliance and the last one must
have a clear legal certainty. The eighth principle which is the reference for
the drafting team SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration. How that is done by
a team penysun SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration that is efficient
enough to give an explanation directly to the employee, in order to not only
provide information bekenaan steps to implement a job but also menulisakan raw
quality of the work. This standard quality operationally contains those
principles.
Actually, the method performed by the
editorial team of SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration is very simple, effective
and efficient. They do two jobs at once, namely the collection of information
while writing SOP-AP. Wherein the method is done by providing a blank form
front and rear yard SOP-AP to each employee to be filled berdasaarkan function
does. So it can be said on the basis of the writing implement SOP-AP is an
employee. The team just trying to direct and coordinate. However writing SOP-AP
performed by each employee is still not perfect, sometimes there are employees
who are not able to do it and only written in the form of notes, so the team
may try to translate the record to be written into a SOP-AP.
The type of SOP-AP compiled by a team of
Sub-Division of Administration is the type of SOP-AP adaministrasi government.
While the format used is a flowchart (followharts). Selection flow chart format
by the editorial team of SOP-AP Sub-Division of Administration dikarena the
format is easy to understand and be understood. Mechanical flow or flow chart
is a very specific technique that is widely used in information system
development and preparation of standard operating procedures. Not only the
excellence of technique flow chart were: can be presented much more concise
than using words or phrases (narrative technique), can be presented more
consistent if the flow chart technique mastered and applied appropriately, more
practical and easier to understand if users understand the meaning flow chart
symbols, and the latter is more easily controlled and maintained, due to the
nature of the presentation more concise and systematic Jahu (Tambunan, 2011:
184).
Of the seven kinds of symbols, only one
symbol that can not be translated by the editorial team of SOP-AP in
Sub-Division of Administration. The symbol is a symbol plug-displacement
activity on a page that can be seen in Figure 4.7. Kekerbatasan in
understanding the symbols are not to affect vatal, because it does not need the
use of symbols used in writing SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration.
However it is possible, if the identification is done re-AP discovered that
writing SOP requires the use of these symbols, will mepersulit writing SOP-AP
and ultimately hinder the development of SOP-AP in Sub-Division of
Administration and other sub-units.
Charge-AP SOP documents that must be met
such as: title page, endorsement sheet-AP SOP document, a list of the contents
of documents SOP-AP, a brief explanation of the use of, their own standard
operating procedures covering (SOP-AP name, work unit or units of work, number
document, date of creation, revision date, effective date, approval by the
competent authorities, the legal basis, linkage, warnings, qualification of
personnel, equipment and supplies as well as a description of SOP-AP) is
largely already filled by the editorial team of the SOP-AP Sub-Section
Administration. It's just that have not been filled is the date of revision.
That is because the development of SOP Kesehatah Office of East Java Province
is still on the move.
The plan step testing and review SOP-AP at
an organizational level will be held in March in the year 2013. New next step
after the review is SOP approval by the competent authority in this regard, the
Secretary of Health Office of East Java Province. There are skipped steps in
the preparation of SOP-AP carried out by a team of Sub Division of Administration
here. The skipped step is a step review. Team-AP SOP development in
Sub-Division of Administration has not conducted a review of SOP-AP but already
passed. Reason drafting team SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration to do
this because, in order to SOP-APs in the Sub-Division of Administration has a
legal umbrella. So it can be used as an example in the preparation of SOP-AP in
other units, which ultimately will accelerate the development of SOP-AP at an
organizational level.
Step in the preparation of SOP-AP skipped
by the drafting team SOP-AP Sub Division of Administration, when partially
understood it looks right. However, when viewed in a holistic or comprehensive,
preparation of SOP-AP to skip the specified will affect not good. SOP-APs in
the Sub-Division of Administration has not tested whether the SOP-AP has been
banar or not. Although the penyusunanya SOP-AP is rewriting a routine which is
usually performed by employees. Still need to be reviewed before the SOP-AP was
passed due. One of the most important things that exist at the stage of review
is to test. The test is very important to the editorial team of SOP-AP
Sub-Division of Administration. As described by Tambunan (2011: 256) that the
pilot phase is an effort and means to ensure that the results of the activities
it has been perfect. Pilot phase has a degree of certainty the results.
Conclusion
In accordance with the data obtained and see the
purpose of this study, the conclusions of research on Analysis of Reforms In
the SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office, among others :
Bureaucratic
reform in East Java Provincial Health Office has been done. Reform of the
bureaucracy itself is in the structuring of management by doing the preparation
of SOP-AP. SOP-AP is run by the East Java Provincial Health Office to improve
the quality of public services in the area of East Java, especially in health
care. Utilization SOP-AP is intended to be a standardized way in which
employees do the job to be efficient, effective, coherent and able to meet the
target. There are several steps that run East Java Provincial Health Office in
the preparation of SOP-AP as preparation, appraisal and development needs.
Stages
and steps that must be met to draft SOP-AP as preparation, needs assessment,
development, integration in the management, monitoring and evaluation as a
whole is still not implemented. Phase already implemented a new three phases:
preparation, appraisal and development needs. While the integration phase in
the management and monitoring and evaluation has not been implemented. In
general, the preparation of SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office to the
stage of development has been going well, although there are still some
weaknesses that must be addressed.
Some
weaknesses are identified, namely the preparatory stage, there are still
weaknesses in the preparation stage like, to form a team and completeness that
no decree of the Secretary, and there is no division of tasks and
responsibilities. At this stage of the needs assessment, only the data obtained
from the analysis position, and do not run the rare-step at this stage, as
appropriate, so that the SOP-AP are identified not maximized. At this stage of
development, also has not gone well, where there are steps skipped by the
drafting team SOP-AP in Sub-Division of Administration, such as the SOP-AP
which was approved prior to the reviews.
Suggestion
According to the results of research in the field of
development of SOP-AP in East Java Provincial Health Office, the author gives
some advice on the identification of weaknesses in the preparation of SOP-AP
which is expected to be an alternative in helping to solve problems or enhance
the development of SOP-AP in the future , among others:
Expected
development of SOP-AP in accordance with existing guidelines, which is based
Permenpan No. 21 of 2008 as a whole. No measures are not implemented, so not a
lot of obstacles in the development of SOP-AP resulting in not achieving the
target.
SOP-AP
in East Java Provincial Health Office does not need to be done in a hurry and
set targets within a short time frame. It will lead to leap a step in the
preparation of SOP-AP.
Expected
to soon meet the completeness of the team, so that the team can work optimally.
SOP-AP must be based on the principles of implementation of the SOP and SOP-AP
that has been made is necessary to test, in order to create SOP-AP dynamic and
effective.
Indonesian citizen
(citizen) is a major component in the establishment of a State. Without the
people of the State had never existed. Recently, public administration services
in Indonesia create new innovations. One innovation that is making Deed services
online. Service requirements with Electronic Government (E-Gov) certainly would
get a lot of changes in the improvement of service to the people of Indonesia.
Deed which is a birth certificate for a baby who became citizens Indonesi
(citizen). Deed of online public services will be the first to be received by a
citizen in this case that a newborn baby to get citizenship status.
