Empowerment Of Rural Youth In The Census Of Population In Indonesia

By :Riz z

INTRODUCTION

Background of Problem

esidents become an important asset for the growth of a country. Growth in a country will also be followed by population growth. In the expansion of population growth in a country not always bring benefits to the country. Many of the problems to be faced by a country due to population growth. According Pudjiwati (1985: 160-161) that the ever-increasing population growth can lead to many problems, especially problems in meeting basic human needs such as food, housing, employment, health care or nutrition and education.

Indonesian state which is the developing countries are also experiencing population growth. Based on the results of population census enumeration in Indonesia in 2010 were conducted by BPS (BPS) has recorded a population of 237 556 363 people. Indonesia's population growth rate of 1.49 percent per year. Government as the superstructure should be able to overcome the problems that occur as a result of population growth. One of the efforts undertaken by the government is to run the programs for the welfare of its people. The success of government in a country can be determined when the government is able to carry out the people's welfare programs effectively and efficiently. Effective and efficient is a situation where a government program to precisely target and in accordance with the predetermined objectives with not many problems that hinder.

The object of the program is the government of Indonesia's population. Indonesia's population is so much to make the government should do in order to obtain population census population data before applying programs. Population data collection must be precise and accurate so that government programs are also right on target market and not polemical. The data are accurate and detailed population is one of the factors that determine the effectiveness of urgent government programs.

The Indonesian population census conducted by government agencies, namely the BPS. BPS is a non-departmental agencies are in the form of government to carry out statistical activities. BPS has primary responsibility is to do the basic statistics. Under Act 16 Th 1997 on Statistics, "Basic statistics are statistics utilized for purposes that are broad, both the government and the community, which has the characteristics of cross-sectoral, national, macro, and will be the responsibility of the Agency ". Clear that the basic statistical tasks fully into kewenanggan BPS.

Basic statistical activities that have a broad scope of the national as well as make the BPS in performing basic statistics using census and surveys to collect data. Data from the census and the survey that was used as a reference by the government to determine the program targets people kesejahraan.

In fact the data generated by the BPS inaccurate. In the case of subsidies BLT (Direct Cash Assistance) in 2005, the results of the study mentioned that BPS Malang based on the results of data collection GAKIN (Poor Family) is as much as 3,466 KK (Head of Family). While the number of poor families who agreed to accept cards in District ngajum BLT is as much as 3,423 households. To overcome this data discrepancy finally BPS perform data collection and find 1,480 households in the district that includes GAKIN ngajum who have not received subsidies BLT. In this case it turns out this data errors caused by GAKIN criteria of BPS is still rough, officers less careful, less quantity and quality officer, a short collection time, lack of coordination and socialization among officers, lack of control of the local community (Sukmana, 2005).

The above case is proof that there is still a lot of mistakes made by the government in menyedikan population data used for government programs. This error is not unusual left alone, without any follow-up from the government. If the issue is left to be more disadvantaged communities. A strategic steps should be taken by the government to reduce errors in data collection in order to target government programs can be precisely and accurately.

Accurate data can be obtained with the participatory method. In this participatory methods take into account at least three notes on participatory methods. First, the quality of information is determined by the presence or absence of an incentive to provide accurate information. Second, local capture appears when there are leaders and local elites who have too much influence in a local community. Pranab Bardhan and Dilip Mookherjee (2000) shows that when the problem is serious enough capture local, decentralized system which causes the participatory system is not perfect, and Third, the time and expense that should diperhatiakan because reality show field, facilitation activities in the participatory method is not easy. It takes special skills to be a good facilitator (Rowdy, 2005).

The main element in the participatory method is public. Youth In society there are a youth organization that works to help the government in mesejahtrakan society in the region. Based on the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation No. 83 / HUK / 2005 on the basic guidelines Karangtaruna, "That Youth is a social oganisasi container development of the younger generation that is able to display the character through creativity, taste, initiative and work in the field of social welfare". Youth participation in the welfare society is apt to make the youth institution to participate in helping the government in the success of the people's welfare program. Therefore, the authors intend to empower the Youth into the community that participates in the welfare program in charge of the local population census.

Purpose of Writing

Based on the above background, the purpose of the writing of this paper is as follows:

1.   Creating a new innovation in the population census is the empowerment of Youth as SRU (Society Representative Unit) in the local population census.

2.  To provide a solution to the problems that occur in the community, especially targeting errors in government programs.

3.   Provide solutions to the government to provide accurate population data.

The Benefits of Writing

The benefits of writing this paper is:

Provide information to the government, in particular the Village and BPS on innovations that empower the local population census Youth.

IDEAS

Usefulness of Data Population

Indonesia as a developing country has a lot of programs to improve the livelihoods of its people. The government can successfully mensejahtrakan people if the government can run its programs effectively and efficiently. The object of government programs is an Indonesian citizen. Indonesian population data must be in get before the government implements its programs. Population data is data concerning kelahirahan, mortality, migration, marriage, health, schools, economy, family size, and so forth (Sembiring, 1987: 1.12).

Population data becomes one important instrument that will help the government in the success of the program. So far, the government has been providing demographic data through the BPS. BPS data referenced by the government is not entirely accurate. Various cases of misdirected subsidies BLT to the RTM (Poor Household) into evidence inaccuracies data. The government can not just rely on BPS to be fully references in various program goals ksususnya problem livelihoods. Poor population data from the BPS is actually a macro data is calculated based on the data Sesunas more appropriate so that this data is used to determine the allocation of funds but can not be used for programs targeting or delivery of direct assistance to poor households. So often it is misdirected and allocations can not meet all target groups in the implementation of programs for the poor.

One Target Government Programs and Efforts Abatement

BPS recognizes BLT given to the community as a dispensation rise in fuel prices is still considered not on target. Because the distribution is still enjoyed by the majority of people are capable of. Director of Population and Employment Statistics BPS Uzair Suhaemi in Workshop correspondent says, There are two errors that led to yet tepay BPS program objectives. First, inclosed error and eksclosed eroy that errors caused by improper survey data. Secondly, there were errors officer not directly related to the headman because people are more likely mendaptarkan more familiar (Economic Daily National Accounts, 2010).

Efforts have been made by the government to overcome problems that are less accurate data, According to Deputy Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Marine Coordination Krisnamurthi affirmed that the government will verify the data is poor in November and December. He added, "But it was later would become the 2008 data, if for example we have a program that relates to targeting poverty reduction, after 2008 issue of verification will certainly happen again" (Nuria, 2008).

Based on the above facts about the efforts made by the government to obtain population data are less effective. BLT data is inaccurate in 2005 will be re-verified for data distribution BLT 2008. Efforts verification ineffective government. One goal in the livelihoods program still happened. BLT program are replaced with PKH (PKH) in 2009 was misplaced. Case misdirected PKH aid penyaluaran tersebu occurred in the village of Tiron, Kediri, "There are 16 poor people who meet the criteria, but did not accept." "On the contrary, in the neighborhood, there are 10 rich families just got a CCT," said Beni Chairman RT 1 RW 1. Village Secretary Tiron Sumarno said, PKH recipient data is not accurate. the reason, in conducting the survey, the officer did not involve the village government and devices. "We are not told, there is a direct PKH assistance. The names of the recipients also suddenly there, living just distributed the money "(Astuti, 2009).

Factors Contributing to One Goal

There are several important factors that can be drawn to determine the cause of one target in the BLT program, the existence of the data generated from the survey is not up to date, no raw standard of poor families, and a lack of coordination between agencies BPS officer with villages or communities in the target data BLT. Government efforts to verify the data is not effective because the effort was done in one year. Data verification results will be made in the year 2008 will be a reference to the year 2009. When there is a mistake in 2009 to verify the data ualang, so seterusnnya. It is not effective because the main focus is how the data capture technique instead focus on the verification of data.

The absence of an effective solution to solve the problem of population census makes the government should immediately take strategic steps. Strategic steps to be taken, namely how to create an accurate manner population census.

Accurate Data Collection Methods

Accurate data can be obtained with the participatory method. In this participatory methods take into account at least three notes on participatory methods. First, the quality of information is determined by the presence or absence of an incentive to provide accurate information. Second, local capture appears when there are leaders and local elites who have too much influence in a local community. Pranab Bardhan and Dilip Mookherjee (2000) shows that when the problem is serious enough capture local, decentralized system which causes the participatory system is not perfect, and Third, the time and expense that should diperhatiakan because reality show field, facilitation activities in the participatory method is not easy. It takes special skills to be a good facilitator (Rowdy, 2005).

In this case can be drawn two important points first is How to coordinate between the BPS with the village in conducting population census. The second is how to empower people to participate in the population census. One of the strategic steps that can be undertaken by the government relating to obtain accurate population data is to involve elements of society and the role of the village in the population census. During this policy population census carried out from top to bottom (top-down) which makes the narrowness of the space for the community to participate in the population census.

The idea to involve the community in a variety of government programs is a good idea. The government can take advantage of the public in the public service. Increasing active community participation in public services in order to implement various government projects between local government and the community will culminate in an effort to realize good governance (Agus, 2008: 191).

In social development is also known to have a community intervention methods. Social interventions is the approach in social welfare science to manipulate the human system so that activities and tasks can be run with good life. While the term community by Mayo (1994) in Rukminto (2008: 117) one of which is Grass root or negihbourhood work (actors intervening changes to the communities living in the area, for example in a village or neighborhood associations (Stia, 2010).

The government can use the Youth as a representative of the community to the government petrified in social welfare issues. In Regulation of Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Article 1 paragraph 1 No. 83 / HUK / 2005 on the basic guidelines Karangtaruna, "Youth is a social organization where the development of the younger generation that grew and developed on the basis of awareness and social responsibility of, by and for the community, especially moving in the field of social welfare ". Here we can know that the Youth have a role in the welfare masayarakt, in particular is a community that is its region. Youth can be empowered by the government as a community or group that helped the success of the government's social welfare programs. Here Youth can be used as a community that helps local governments in the population census in the region.

Youth Empowerment As SRU By Village

The Village as the smallest administrative government can act to empower the Youth. In PP No. 73 Th 2005 on the village, "Village is the Regency / City-based region districts." Agencies Village is the area that can be used as a driver in the empowerment of Youth. Under Regulation 73 Th, 2005, that obligation headman one of which must empower communities in wilahnya. The Village has the responsibility to empower the community that there territory. In this case the Village can prioritize Youth as part of their community to be empowered.

Youth empowered by the Village as a community or a formal group that provides local population data. According Miftah (2007: 87) formal group is a group that is deliberately set up to carry out a specific task, one example of a formal group is the unit. The Village can menjadiakan Youth as SRU (Society representativ Unit) Unit of community representatives who provide demographic data that is local.

Before forming the Village SRU need to know what factors make the Youth dapata Yanga active in public service. In mobilizing community participation is no prerequisite that must be satisfied that there should be a sense of common fate-arms, attachment purpose in life, finesse adjust, their prakarsawan, climate and participation (Pasaribu and Simanjuntak, 1986: 65-67).

There are several steps taken to empower Youth village in the population census. First, the village held a MAM (Society Members Assembly), which also was attended by representatives of each Youth RW and RW. In the meeting the Village provide mengerakan masayarkat socialization about how to be active in public services that impact the development of the nation. After that just about empowerment of Youth in the population census. In MAM headman also gave instructions to the Youth to recruit to its members. Members who pass the selection will be made by the Village SRU. Second, after a mandate from the Village, Youth RW recruit one member of each Reef Taruan RT to serve as a representative of each member of the SRU RTnya. Can be said to number as many as the number of members of the SRU RT in the RW. SRU members must meet the following mandatory requirements, members of the youth institution in the RW, devoted to God Almighty, 18+, honest and responsible, healthy mind mind body and spirit, is an active Youth of each RT, a minimum of high school graduates / equivalent. After requirement shall be met there Fit and Proper test that must be taken for each prospective member of the SRU. Completed recruitment tired Village induct SRU members with a term of 1 year stewardship. Third, after the SRU legalized by the Village, Village in cooperation with BPS conduct debriefing SRU with technical training and materials to members of the SRU in accordance with the participatory method.

SRU as the unit has a useful structure to facilitate coordination in performance. SRU position is under the Village. Villages which gives full instructions to the SRU. SRU members consist of members of the Youth RT (AK RT).

Image. 1 Chart mechanism of action of the SRU

      In the chart there are several parties who have contributed to the performance of the SRU. The first party is the Village, has a duty to cooperate with the SRU to perform the primary duties and skundernya, gave instructions to the SRU and to sanction the SRU when making mistakes. The second party is the Chairman RW, has the task of requesting the registration of the population of each month for filing SRU RW, gave permission to the SRU in performing various duties. The third party is the Chairman of RT, has the task of requesting the registration of the population each month for filing RT, gave permission to the SRU in performing a variety of duties, to give legality to the maintenance of KK and KTP. The fourth party is resident, mempunyi task inputting criticism and suggestions to the SRU, support SRU both moral and non-material.

SRU designed as a unit of the local population census should have duties for the performance of the SRU becomes clear and orderly. SRU has several functions, ie functions of the first survey covering the registration of the population. Second, the function information includes, provision of information in the form of oral or written about government programs to the community, and the requirements for obtaining a KTP and KK. Third, the service functions include, providing services to residents who need services SRU.

SRU task there are two primary and secondary tasks. SRU primary task is to register locally. Have local registration mechanism is the first work, the Village gives instructions to the SRU to perform the registration of the population in the region SRU, in this registration every AK RT register RTnya. Second, the registration activities performed 1 month so SRU obtain the latest data (up to date). In the task of taking care of the SRU sekudernya KTP and KK. KTP is done by collectively SRU 1 week. KTP can also be done by express if there are people who urgently need ID cards. Pengursan ID cards starting from RT to the village, then returned to the citizens of the village along with evidence to proceed to the District. Handling KK performed by collectively SRU 1 month. Handling KK carried to completion by the SRU.

SRU excellence and Factors Affecting

The second task of the SRU, the primary task of the SRU is the solution offered by the authors to address one target in a variety of government programs. Data collection in the local region of RT can be detected accurately because the record is AK RT who knows the ins and outs of the area. Data from the SRU is ultimately left to the village. BPS officer can directly retrieve data from each village when there are government programs. Data can also be retrieved BPS every month as statistical data. The data given by the Village is that every month the data up to date. BPS does not need to write a single data collection because it takes a long time and cost a lot. Indirectly SRU also has mewakil community in controlling the performance of the apparatus of the state in implementing the livelihoods program. Coordination between the BPS, Village and Youth provide a good solution in peyediaan population data. These solutions address the problem of lack of coordination between the officers of BPS and the Village or Village and incorporate participatory methods are quite accurate in providing demographic data.

Secondary task SRU SRU is not only intended to be a unit in charge of data menyedikan resident in its territory but in keseharianya SRU can also use the services for existing residents petrified around the region in managing kependudukanya identity. Residents will be facilitated by the presence of its own SRU SRU and can also actively participate pro community. Partisipatisi SRU in serving the citizens will encourage people to be more orderly administrative.

Many factors affect the performance of the SRU. SRU as a unit that works to help the Village will also need to be compensated by the Village as the remuneration of its performance. In line with the opinion of Hani (2001: 155) "Compensation is important for employees as individuals because of the amount of compensation reflects the size of the value of their work among the employees themselves, families and communities". Notabenya compensation is the money going to give effect to the existence and performance of the SRU. Based on a participatory method of compensation affect SRU tanggungjawan and honesty in work. SRU received compensation obtained by the task. In the primary task of the compensation obtained from the Village. While the compensation obtained in the secondary task of suawadaya community agreed in advance. Another thing that determines the performance of the SRU actively ie interactive communication between employees and the community village with the SRU SRU.

BPS as a government agency can provide incentives to SRU SRU felt that more attention existence. Reward can also create a relationship of cooperation between the SRU and government agencies more harmonious. Various training to improve the performance of the SRU should be done regularly. BPS in cooperation with the Village can conduct periodic training every once in a year according to the SRU management turnover. Training is essential for long-term individual benefits to increase responsibility in the future (Hani, 2001: 107).

Efforts to Realize the Benefits SRU and increasing responsibilities in the future (Hani, 2001: 107)

Efforts that can be taken to immediately realize the idea of empowering the Youth as SRU in population data collection is to immediately create a policy from the municipality / district to immediately give instructions to the device that is the Village government to immediately establish the SRU.

With the SRU is expected to provide a breakthrough in terms of population census. The existence of the SRU can reduce misdirected in various government programs. People who have been represented by Coral Tarunan will be become active control in government activities. Youth active control can reduce during this assumption about government bureaucracy that seemed closed will be reduced and the government's image would be good.

CONCLUSION

SRU is a unit consisting of the community joined in Coral Tarunan to perform tasks in data collection that is local population. In the neighborhood there is one member of the SRU is called AK RT (Member of Youth RT) representing each RTnya in population data collection and citizen services. SRU has three functions, namely the function of registration, information and services. Three of these functions will be done by the SRU in performing their duties. SRU task itself there are two primary tasks and secondary tasks. The primary task is to register the population of each one boasting all. While the slave serves the maintenance task KK and KTP residents.     

Ways that can dilakuakan to implement SRU is the first, the City / County gave instructions to every village there territory to form the SRU. The Village held a MAM (Member Musyawrah Citizens) to invite the Chairman of RW and Youth Representative every RW. In MA there are some points that delivered namely socialize socializing on community empowerment and the establishment of the SRU are tasked with the local population census. Youth RW conduct recruitment to each Youth RT to be a member of the SRU yanng represent RTnya. After the completion of recruitment Kelurah to install the SRU members with masajabatan 1 year stewardship.

With the SRU errors target government programs such as BLT, PKH and others can be minimized. The data is always up to date every month coupled with Bottom-up data collection system with the participation of local communities, can be used as a government solution to obtain accurate data. SRU existence itself can be used as innovation by society to participate more actively in public service that will be able to parse the gap between government and society.

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